Cat

Cat facts at a glance

How big is a cat?

An adult cat measures 50 cm long — about 29% of the height of an average adult person (1.73 m) — and weighs around 4.5 kg, about 6% of an average adult’s body weight (70 kg).

What is a group of cats called?

Explore more animal collective nouns and baby animal names .

Behavior and the hunt

Even well-fed house cats keep the instincts of a solitary ambush predator. They stalk, pounce, and play out the full hunting sequence, which is why toys that move trigger such intense focus. Cats are most active at dawn and dusk and can sleep 12 to 16 hours a day to conserve energy between hunts.

Senses and the body

Cats have superb low-light vision, sensitive whiskers that gauge gaps and air movement, and hearing that reaches well beyond the human range. Their retractable claws stay sharp for climbing and gripping prey, and a flexible spine lets them right themselves in mid-air and almost always land on their feet.

Cats and humans

Cats domesticated themselves around 10,000 years ago in the Near East, drawn to the rodents that gathered around early farms. Unlike dogs, they were valued more as pest controllers than as workers, and they retain much of their wild independence. Purring, kneading, and slow blinking are all signs of a relaxed, contented cat.

Health and care

Cats need a meat-based diet, fresh water, clean litter, and regular veterinary care. Keeping cats indoors or supervised protects both the cat and local wildlife, since free-roaming cats are skilled hunters of birds and small mammals.

History and domestication

The domestic cat descends from the African wildcat and began living alongside humans around 10,000 years ago in the Near East, drawn to the rodents that gathered around early grain stores. Unlike many domesticated animals, cats are thought to have largely domesticated themselves.

Hunting instincts and behavior

Even well-fed pet cats keep strong predatory instincts, stalking and pouncing on toys or prey. They are crepuscular, most active at dawn and dusk, and sleep for much of the day. Purring, kneading, and slow blinking are signs of contentment and social bonding.

Did you know? Cat facts

• The domestic cat is a small carnivorous mammal and one of the most popular pets in the world, descended from the African wildcat.
• Indoor cats commonly live 12 to 18 years, and some reach their early 20s. Outdoor cats tend to have shorter lifespans because of traffic, disease, and predators.
• Cats purr when content, but also sometimes when stressed, injured, or healing. The sound is produced by rapid movement of the muscles around the voice box.
• Domestic cats are descended from the African wildcat (Felis lybica), a small wildcat from the Near East and North Africa. They began living alongside humans roughly 10,000 years ago.
• No. Cats cannot see in total darkness, but they see far better than humans in very low light, needing only about one-sixth of the light we do thanks to a reflective layer behind the retina.
• Conservation: Domesticated.

Diet & feeding

Cat feeds primarily as a carnivore. Cats have superb low-light vision, sensitive whiskers that gauge gaps and air movement, and hearing that reaches well beyond the human range. Their retractable claws stay sharp for climbing and gripping prey, and a flexible spine lets them right themselves in mid-air and almost alway

Adaptations

• Even well-fed house cats keep the instincts of a solitary ambush predator. They stalk, pounce, and play out the full hunting sequence, which is why toys that move trigger such intense focus. Cats are most active at dawn and dusk and can sleep 12 to 16 hours a day to conserve energy between hunts.
• Cats have superb low-light vision, sensitive whiskers that gauge gaps and air movement, and hearing that reaches well beyond the human range. Their retractable claws stay sharp for climbing and gripping prey, and a flexible spine lets them right themselves in mid-air and almost always land on their feet.

Behaviour & ecology

• Even well-fed house cats keep the instincts of a solitary ambush predator. They stalk, pounce, and play out the full hunting sequence, which is why toys that move trigger such intense focus. Cats are most active at dawn and dusk and can sleep 12 to 16 hours a day to conserve energy between hunts.
• Cats have superb low-light vision, sensitive whiskers that gauge gaps and air movement, and hearing that reaches well beyond the human range. Their retractable claws stay sharp for climbing and gripping prey, and a flexible spine lets them right themselves in mid-air and almost always land on their feet.
• Cats domesticated themselves around 10,000 years ago in the Near East, drawn to the rodents that gathered around early farms. Unlike dogs, they were valued more as pest controllers than as workers, and they retain much of their wild independence. Purring, kneading, and slow blinking are all signs of a relaxed, contented cat.

Communication

• Cat uses scent, posture, and vocal signals to mark territory and coordinate social behaviour.
• Communication intensity often peaks during breeding seasons and territorial disputes.

Habitat & range

Domesticated, worldwide alongside people

Ecological role

Cat acts as a predator that helps regulate prey populations and maintain balance in domesticated, worldwide alongside people.

Conservation status of the Cat

Sources & references

This guide is compiled and reviewed against established zoological and conservation references. Key sources for the Cat:

• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

  Conservation status (Domesticated) reflects the IUCN Red List category for Felis catus.

• iNaturalist — observations & photos

  Search citizen-science observations and community IDs for Felis catus. Useful for range checks and recent sightings — not a substitute for formal Red List status.

• GBIF — occurrence data

  Global Biodiversity Information Facility species search for Felis catus. Explore published occurrence records used in range research.

• IUCN Red List — Felis catus.

  Conservation status (Domesticated) and population trends.

• Animal Diversity Web — Felis catus. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.

  Life history, morphology, and range.

• Global Animal Guide editorial standards

  How we research, source, review, and update every guide for accuracy.